#asp.net core#先让我们看一下最小API的代码,通过以下几行代码就可以搭建一个简单的asp.NET core web服务器,是不是十分简洁?
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");
app.Run();
访问localhost:5001浏览器即可响应helloworld,那源码到底是如何实现http请求监听的呢?可以通过IIS,Kestrel实现,我们来看下Kestrel的实现,下图是实现的总体流程
整体运行图
让我们通过源码整体看一下执行过程,源码以.NET 7为例
1.WebApplication执行Run()方法
/// <summary>
/// Runs an application and block the calling thread until host shutdown.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">The URL to listen to if the server hasn't been configured directly.</param>
public void Run(string? url = null)
{
Listen(url);
HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions.Run(this);
}
2.
HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions执行RunAsync()方法
/// <summary>
/// Runs an application and returns a <see cref="Task"/> that only completes when the token is triggered or shutdown is triggered.
/// The <paramref name="host"/> instance is disposed of after running.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="host">The <see cref="IHost"/> to run.</param>
/// <param name="token">The token to trigger shutdown.</param>
/// <returns>The <see cref="Task"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
public static async Task RunAsync(this IHost host, CancellationToken token = default)
{
try
{
awAIt host.StartAsync(token).ConfigureAwait(false);
await host.WaitForShutdownAsync(token).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
finally
{
if (host is IAsyncDisposable asyncDisposable)
{
await asyncDisposable.DisposeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
}
else
{
host.Dispose();
}
}
}
3 KestrelServer执行StartAsync()方法
public Task StartAsync<TContext>(IHttpApplication<TContext> application, CancellationToken cancellationToken) where TContext : notnull
{
return _innerKestrelServer.StartAsync(application, cancellationToken);
}
4.我们来看下Start方法,重点看
_transportManager.BindAsync方法
public async Task StartAsync<TContext>(IHttpApplication<TContext> application, CancellationToken cancellationToken) where TContext : notnull
{
try
{
ValidateOptions();
if (_hasStarted)
{
// The server has already started and/or has not been cleaned up yet
throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.ServerAlreadyStarted);
}
_hasStarted = true;
ServiceContext.Heartbeat?.Start();
async Task OnBind(ListenOptions options, CancellationToken onBindCancellationToken)
{
var hasHttp1 = options.Protocols.HasFlag(HttpProtocols.Http1);
var hasHttp2 = options.Protocols.HasFlag(HttpProtocols.Http2);
var hasHttp3 = options.Protocols.HasFlag(HttpProtocols.Http3);
var hasTls = options.IsTls;
// Filter out invalid combinations.
if (!hasTls)
{
// Http/1 without TLS, no-op HTTP/2 and 3.
if (hasHttp1)
{
hasHttp2 = false;
hasHttp3 = false;
}
// Http/3 requires TLS. Note we only let it fall back to HTTP/1, not HTTP/2
else if (hasHttp3)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("HTTP/3 requires HTTPS.");
}
}
// Quic isn't registered if it's not supported, throw if we can't fall back to 1 or 2
if (hasHttp3 && _multiplexedTransportFactory is null && !(hasHttp1 || hasHttp2))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("This platform doesn't support QUIC or HTTP/3.");
}
// Disable adding alt-svc header if endpoint has configured not to or there is no
// multiplexed transport factory, which happens if QUIC isn't supported.
var addAltSvcHeader = !options.DisableAltSvcHeader && _multiplexedTransportFactory != null;
var configuredEndpoint = options.EndPoint;
// Add the HTTP middleware as the terminal connection middleware
if (hasHttp1 || hasHttp2
|| options.Protocols == HttpProtocols.None) // TODO a test fails because it doesn't throw an exception in the right place
// when there is no HttpProtocols in KestrelServer, can we remove/change the test?
{
if (_transportFactory is null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot start HTTP/1.x or HTTP/2 server if no {nameof(IConnectionListenerFactory)} is registered.");
}
options.UseHttpServer(ServiceContext, application, options.Protocols, addAltSvcHeader);
var connectionDelegate = options.Build();
// Add the connection limit middleware
connectionDelegate = EnforceConnectionLimit(connectionDelegate, Options.Limits.MaxConcurrentConnections, Trace);
options.EndPoint = await _transportManager.BindAsync(configuredEndpoint, connectionDelegate, options.EndpointConfig, onBindCancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
if (hasHttp3 && _multiplexedTransportFactory is not null)
{
// Check if a previous transport has changed the endpoint. If it has then the endpoint is dynamic and we can't guarantee it will work for other transports.
// For more details, see https://Github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/issues/42982
if (!configuredEndpoint.Equals(options.EndPoint))
{
Trace.LogError(CoreStrings.DynamicPortOnMultipleTransportsNotSupported);
}
else
{
// 增加 ConnectionContext 中间件,后面处理Http请求会用到
options.UseHttp3Server(ServiceContext, application, options.Protocols, addAltSvcHeader);
var multiplexedConnectionDelegate = ((IMultiplexedConnectionBuilder)options).Build();
// Add the connection limit middleware
multiplexedConnectionDelegate = EnforceConnectionLimit(multiplexedConnectionDelegate, Options.Limits.MaxConcurrentConnections, Trace);
// 绑定
options.EndPoint = await _transportManager.BindAsync(configuredEndpoint, multiplexedConnectionDelegate, options, onBindCancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
}
}
AddressBindContext = new AddressBindContext(_serverAddresses, Options, Trace, OnBind);
await BindAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch
{
// Don't log the error https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/issues/29801
Dispose();
throw;
}
// Register the options with the event source so it can be logged (if necessary)
KestrelEventSource.Log.AddServerOptions(Options);
}
5 开始绑定socket端口
public async Task<EndPoint> BindAsync(EndPoint endPoint, ConnectionDelegate connectionDelegate, EndpointConfig? endpointConfig, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (_transportFactory is null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot bind with {nameof(ConnectionDelegate)} no {nameof(IConnectionListenerFactory)} is registered.");
}
var transport = await _transportFactory.BindAsync(endPoint, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
StartAcceptLoop(new GenericConnectionListener(transport), c => connectionDelegate(c), endpointConfig);
return transport.EndPoint;
}
6.注意下这种线程的写法
ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem(StartAcceptingConnectionsCore, listener, preferLocal: false);
7 通过 while循环不断监听socket连接请求
private void StartAcceptingConnectionsCore(IConnectionListener<T> listener)
{
// REVIEW: Multiple accept loops in parallel?
_ = AcceptConnectionsAsync();
async Task AcceptConnectionsAsync()
{
try
{
while (true)
{
var connection = await listener.AcceptAsync();
if (connection == null)
{
// We're done listening
break;
}
// Add the connection to the connection manager before we queue it for execution
var id = _transportConnectionManager.GetNewConnectionId();
var kestrelConnection = new KestrelConnection<T>(
id, _serviceContext, _transportConnectionManager, _connectionDelegate, connection, Log);
_transportConnectionManager.AddConnection(id, kestrelConnection);
Log.ConnectionAccepted(connection.ConnectionId);
KestrelEventSource.Log.ConnectionQueuedStart(connection);
ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem(kestrelConnection, preferLocal: false);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// REVIEW: If the accept loop ends should this trigger a server shutdown? It will manifest as a hang
Log.LogCritical(0, ex, "The connection listener failed to accept any new connections.");
}
finally
{
_acceptLoopTcs.TrySetResult();
}
}
}
8 使用Socket AcceptAsync的方法
public async ValueTask<ConnectionContext?> AcceptAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
while (true)
{
try
{
Debug.Assert(_listenSocket != null, "Bind must be called first.");
var acceptSocket = await _listenSocket.AcceptAsync(cancellationToken);
// Only apply no delay to Tcp based endpoints
if (acceptSocket.LocalEndPoint is IPEndPoint)
{
acceptSocket.NoDelay = _options.NoDelay;
}
return _factory.Create(acceptSocket);
}
catch (ObjectDisposedException)
{
// A call was made to UnbindAsync/DisposeAsync just return null which signals we're done
return null;
}
catch (SocketException e) when (e.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.OperationAborted)
{
// A call was made to UnbindAsync/DisposeAsync just return null which signals we're done
return null;
}
catch (SocketException)
{
// The connection got reset while it was in the backlog, so we try again.
SocketsLog.ConnectionReset(_logger, connectionId: "(null)");
}
}
}
9 当有连接过来后执行 KestrelConnection的Execute方法
internal async Task ExecuteAsync()
{
var connectionContext = _transportConnection;
try
{
KestrelEventSource.Log.ConnectionQueuedStop(connectionContext);
Logger.ConnectionStart(connectionContext.ConnectionId);
KestrelEventSource.Log.ConnectionStart(connectionContext);
using (BeginConnectionScope(connectionContext))
{
try
{
await _connectionDelegate(connectionContext);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Logger.LogError(0, ex, "Unhandled exception while processing {ConnectionId}.", connectionContext.ConnectionId);
}
}
}
finally
{
await FireOnCompletedAsync();
Logger.ConnectionStop(connectionContext.ConnectionId);
KestrelEventSource.Log.ConnectionStop(connectionContext);
// Dispose the transport connection, this needs to happen before removing it from the
// connection manager so that we only signal completion of this connection after the transport
// is properly torn down.
await connectionContext.DisposeAsync();
_transportConnectionManager.RemoveConnection(_id);
}
}
10 监听到socket连接后,开始执行连接的委托,就是我们第4步注释提到的提前注入的一个中间件
public Task OnConnectionAsync(ConnectionContext connectionContext)
{
var memoryPoolFeature = connectionContext.Features.Get<IMemoryPoolFeature>();
var protocols = connectionContext.Features.Get<HttpProtocolsFeature>()?.HttpProtocols ?? _endpointDefaultProtocols;
var localEndPoint = connectionContext.LocalEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
var altSvcHeader = _addAltSvcHeader && localEndPoint != null ? HttpUtilities.GetEndpointAltSvc(localEndPoint, protocols) : null;
var httpConnectionContext = new HttpConnectionContext(
connectionContext.ConnectionId,
protocols,
altSvcHeader,
connectionContext,
_serviceContext,
connectionContext.Features,
memoryPoolFeature?.MemoryPool ?? System.Buffers.MemoryPool<byte>.Shared,
localEndPoint,
connectionContext.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint);
httpConnectionContext.Transport = connectionContext.Transport;
var connection = new HttpConnection(httpConnectionContext);
return connection.ProcessRequestsAsync(_application);
}
11 通过while循环监听Http请求,如果连接是keepAlive则不需要重复连接socket,一直在监听即可（如果是keeplive http连接不会断开）
private async Task ProcessRequests<TContext>(IHttpApplication<TContext> application) where TContext : notnull
{
while (_keepAlive)
{
if (_context.InitialExecutionContext is null)
{
// If this is a first request on a non-Http2Connection, capture a clean ExecutionContext.
_context.InitialExecutionContext = ExecutionContext.Capture();
}
else
{
// Clear any AsyncLocals set during the request; back to a clean state ready for next request
// And/or reset to Http2Connection's ExecutionContext giving access to the connection logging scope
// and any other AsyncLocals set by connection middleware.
ExecutionContext.Restore(_context.InitialExecutionContext);
}
BeginRequestProcessing();
var result = default(ReadResult);
bool endConnection;
do
{
if (BeginRead(out var awaitable))
{
result = await awaitable;
}
} while (!TryParseRequest(result, out endConnection));
if (endConnection)
{
// Connection finished, stop processing requests
return;
}
var messageBody = CreateMessageBody();
if (!messageBody.RequestKeepAlive)
{
_keepAlive = false;
}
IsUpgradableRequest = messageBody.RequestUpgrade;
InitializeBodyControl(messageBody);
var context = application.CreateContext(this);
try
{
KestrelEventSource.Log.RequestStart(this);
// Run the application code for this request
await application.ProcessRequestAsync(context);
// Trigger OnStarting if it hasn't been called yet and the app hasn't
// already failed. If an OnStarting callback throws we can go through
// our normal error handling in ProduceEnd.
// https://github.com/aspnet/KestrelHttpServer/issues/43
if (!HasResponseStarted && _applicationException == null && _onStarting?.Count > 0)
{
await FireOnStarting();
}
if (!_connectionAborted && !VerifyResponseContentLength(out var lengthException))
{
ReportApplicationError(lengthException);
}
}
catch (BadHttpRequestException ex)
{
// Capture BadHttpRequestException for further processing
// This has to be caught here so StatusCode is set properly before disposing the HttpContext
// (DisposeContext logs StatusCode).
SetBadRequestState(ex);
ReportApplicationError(ex);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ReportApplicationError(ex);
}
KestrelEventSource.Log.RequestStop(this);
// At this point all user code that needs use to the request or response streams has completed.
// Using these streams in the OnCompleted callback is not allowed.
try
{
Debug.Assert(_bodyControl != null);
await _bodyControl.StopAsync();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// BodyControl.StopAsync() can throw if the PipeWriter was completed prior to the application writing
// enough bytes to satisfy the specified Content-Length. This risks double-logging the exception,
// but this scenario generally indicates an app bug, so I don't want to risk not logging it.
ReportApplicationError(ex);
}
// 4XX responses are written by TryProduceInvalidRequestResponse during connection tear down.
if (_requestRejectedException == null)
{
if (!_connectionAborted)
{
// Call ProduceEnd() before consuming the rest of the request body to prevent
// delaying clients waiting for the chunk terminator:
//
// https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/17330#issuecomment-288248663
//
// This also prevents the 100 Continue response from being sent if the app
// never tried to read the body.
// https://github.com/aspnet/KestrelHttpServer/issues/2102
//
// ProduceEnd() must be called before _application.DisposeContext(), to ensure
// HttpContext.Response.StatusCode is correctly set when
// IHttpContextFactory.Dispose(HttpContext) is called.
await ProduceEnd();
}
else if (!HasResponseStarted)
{
// If the request was aborted and no response was sent, there's no
// meaningful status code to log.
StatusCode = 0;
}
}
if (_onCompleted?.Count > 0)
{
await FireOnCompleted();
}
application.DisposeContext(context, _applicationException);
// Even for non-keep-alive requests, try to consume the entire body to avoid RSTs.
if (!_connectionAborted && _requestRejectedException == null && !messageBody.IsEmpty)
{
await messageBody.ConsumeAsync();
}
if (HasStartedConsumingRequestBody)
{
await messageBody.StopAsync();
}
}
}
11 处理Http请求中间再执行我们在Http管道里的委托方法,用来进行HTTP的构造和HTTP Response,管道这里就不展开介绍了,可以看下官网的介绍
12 最后通过Http1OutputProducer最终响应结果
public ValueTask<FlushResult> WriteStreamSuffixAsync()
{
ValueTask<FlushResult> result = default;
lock (_contextLock)
{
if (!_writeStreamSuffixCalled)
{
if (_autoChunk)
{
var writer = new BufferWriter<PipeWriter>(_pipeWriter);
result = WriteAsyncInternal(ref writer, EndChunkedResponseBytes);
}
else if (_unflushedBytes > 0)
{
result = FlushAsync();
}
_writeStreamSuffixCalled = true;
}
}
return result;
}
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